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Hou Yumei 侯玉梅
Female
United States - Share
RSS12-11-2007
Hou Yumei 侯玉梅's Page
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- Where are you located? 你的居住地區？
- San Francisco, CA
- Art medium or relation 藝術體裁或联系：
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- About Me (bio) 個人簡曆:
- 满族女农民侯玉梅，为追求剪纸艺术，忍辱负重，奔波、奋斗了二十多个春秋。她运用手中的剪刀，剪出１万多幅反映满族人民生活的精美作品，多次应邀到国外向艺术界人士讲课、当场献艺。她的作品先后被国内外各大博物馆收藏。１９９５年９月，这位普通的乡村妇女被联合国教科文组织授予“民间工艺美术家”的称号；２０００年９月，在北京举行的中国民间艺术表演赛上获得了一等奖；２００１年１月，她又应美国民间艺术协会邀请，赴旧金山、洛杉矶参加艺术表演。
“超越自我，寻求人生的真谛，需要把自己放到更为广阔的空间和更为漫长的时间里去。”这是侯玉梅在获得世界殊荣后说出的一句话。
１９５２年，侯玉梅出生在辽宁省新宾县一个普通的满族家庭。位于长白山余脉中的新宾是满族崛起的地方，满族儿女扭腰铃、敲单鼓、载歌载舞的情景，给幼年时的侯玉梅留下了深深的印象。５岁时，她常常坐在母亲身边，望着母亲剪纸花，剪满族人的秧歌舞，这使她觉得很美，也很新奇。
在玉梅８岁那年，她随父亲迁居到吉林省通化市铁厂子镇，住进了长白山的怀抱。每天望着蜿蜒的浑江水在她家的房前流过，望着成群的孩子沿着江边走向学校，她心中也产生了要读书的愿望。可是，因为家里贫穷，刚刚住进新居地的父母没钱供她读书，她只好留在家里拾干柴，干零活。每当傍晚，望着母亲剪纸花、刺绣是玉梅最大的乐趣。一天，母亲在剪纸时发现她看得出神，就把剪子和几张纸递给她，教她剪小猫。聪明的玉梅竟然成功地剪下了一只小猫。紧接着，她摹仿母亲的手法又剪出了“小鹿顶架”和鸡、鸭、鹅、狗的图形，这使她十分高兴，她把自己剪好的纸花当成了玩具，常常送给村里的小伙伴们。玉梅９岁那年，才得到上学的机会。在学校里，她见识了许多。有一次，她剪了一幅老师在讲台上的姿势拿给妈妈看，虽然剪得很不完美，但也能看出模样来。母亲发现女儿有了剪纸的乐趣，就手把手教她。从这以后，玉梅放学后便学习剪纸，剪放牛的山娃，剪喂鸡的农妇，剪高山和大树等等，并一一贴在了自己家的茅草屋里。日积月累，在玉梅家的墙上、天棚和破旧的柜面上都贴满了剪纸图。侯玉梅深深爱上了剪纸。
可是，“文化大革命”刚刚开始时，她的家里突然闯进来一伙人，玉梅并不懂得社会上发生了什么事情，只见这伙人在她家里一边抠掉墙上的剪纸，一边喊着“破四旧，立四新”的口号。从此，妈妈再也不允许玉梅剪纸了。由于她的剪纸被看成是 “四旧”，使她在村里成了不受欢迎的人，在学校也成了孩子们嘲弄的对象。刚刚读完小学，她被迫失学了。１８岁那年又被迫嫁到了通化县金斗乡。“文革”后，侯玉梅已是两个孩子的妈妈了。可是，心中剪纸的愿望并没有被磨灭，她常常回忆儿时剪纸的情景，每每想起，总是要凄然泪下。
为了追回失去了的梦想，侯玉梅又重新握起剪子，剪她眼前的风土人情，剪她儿时没有剪完的故事。没过多久，她家的墙壁上又贴满了剪纸图。只有小学文化的侯玉梅并不真正懂得什么是艺术，尽管她在不停地剪着，但那一幅幅剪纸只是对她想象力的简单描述。有一次，她为一位朋友剪了一对参娃，这位朋友直言直语，当场提出：“这对参娃剪得不错，就是有些呆板了，这与你的学识有关。”这句话不深不浅，使侯玉梅心中像被刀扎了一下，很痛很痛。夜晚，她久久不能入睡，她很清楚，自己连初中都没有读过，哪里会有学识呢她把朋友的话深深留在了心里，她要用自己的行动去掌握学识。
１９８０年夏天，内心充满激情，充满了对艺术无限追求的侯玉梅要到通化市艺术馆学习美术去了。丈夫知道了这件事，便百般阻拦，说什么也不让她去学，可她还是去了。来到通化市艺术馆不久，她为美术教师、画家王纯信剪了十几幅秧歌舞作品，还剪了一位“满族老人”。这使王纯信很感兴趣，经过比较，他很诚恳地对她说：“你不适应做山水画，你的优势在于剪纸，你要把剪纸作为一门艺术去研究……”侯玉梅受到了启发，从此，她把自己的剪纸融进对艺术的追求之中。她想学习更深的艺术理论，她想剪出构思新颖、形象逼真的作品。１９８４年，她以惊人的毅力考入了通化师范学院美术系。
通化距离侯玉梅所在的金斗乡４０里。她要读书去了，家里有丈夫有孩子，不能住校，乘公共汽车又没有钱，只好骑自行车往返了。孩子妈妈上大学，这在金斗乡像一阵风吹遍了每一个村，投向玉梅的目光有赞扬也有鄙夷。９月的一个清晨，长白山区阴雨连绵，玉梅为全家人做完早饭就要出发了，丈夫斜视着妻子愤愤地骂道：“瞧你那个样子，一个农村娘儿们不在家里种田，搞什么屁艺术。”此时，她入学还不到十天，每天往返８０里路，为维持生活，从入学的第一天夜晚开始，她就拣起了编簸箕的手艺，这也是她儿时学会的，计划卖簸箕维持生活。这个时候，她承受的是疲劳，是筋骨的疼痛，非常希望得到丈夫的安慰以及精神上的支持。听了丈夫这番话，她的全身都在颤动，强忍着疼痛对丈夫说：“别看我白天耽误了农活，可我编簸箕也会换来钱的，全家人的生活费我都承担了。”丈夫不听她的任何解释，仍然用不堪入耳的话挖苦她。她怕耽误上课，任凭丈夫一声接一声责骂，急忙骑自行车上路了。她沿着山路艰难地蹬着自行车，泪水雨水同时在脸上流，赶到学校时，全身都淋透了。看到她那湿淋淋的样子，一位同学在下课时劝她说：“大姐，你是农村户口，毕业了也是回农村，何必受苦呢”她听了摇摇头，难过地说：“这些我明白，我知道自己是农民，可我向往着艺术的成功，需要学习呀。”
夜晚，奔波了一天的侯玉梅吃过饭就开始编簸箕。正编着，婆婆带着许多亲属闯进来，劈头就问：“你不好好过日子，算啥女人”“你是疯子还是傻子 ……”亲属们七嘴八舌说个不停，侯玉梅几次想说出心里的话都没有插上言。丈夫、亲属把她推到了人生的十字路口，她也不知道应该怎么做了。
这一晚上，她没有说一句话，只是含着泪水默默地听着，手不停地编着，一直编到第二天凌晨两点。编完了一个簸箕，仔细端详着由枝条一扣一扣拧成的劳动成果，她的心里突然亮了，既然簸箕能编成了，学艺有什么难呢不就是凭功夫、凭信心、凭毅力吗身心憔悴的侯玉梅在一夜之间变得坚强起来，她眼望窗外的星空，发出了内心的呐喊：我要学下去，我要追求心中向往的艺术。
第二天，她义无返顾地又步入学校的大门。这位３２岁的孩子妈妈开始攀登人生的陡坡。课堂上，她认真仔细地听取老师讲解的每一个问题，回到家在编簸箕的同时，每天还要挤出一小时剪纸。这期间，她努力把剪纸的题材由简单到广泛，技艺由摹仿到形神兼备，栩栩如生，尽量完美自己的作品。
１９８６年１月，通化山区寒风凛冽，侯玉梅家的茅草屋里却是热气腾腾。这正是她毕业前夕的最后一个寒假，她在家里办起了个人剪纸展览。家里狭窄破落，没有足够的房间，也没有展台，她把自己已剪好的４００多幅作品贴在墙上。展出当天，有３００多人拥进她的小院，这其中有省、市、县文化艺术界的领导，有艺术家，有新闻记者……这使她的名字和作品很快就在长白山区传扬开来。
７月，侯玉梅终于以惊人的毅力完成了大专学业。这时候的侯玉梅，眼前仿佛启开许多扇门窗，她不再摹仿着剪纸，而是去领略艺术中的深意。
她所在的乡有个朝鲜族村，朝鲜族人的生活丰富多彩。有一次，她去观看朝鲜族农民举行的盛大宴会，当晚就创作了《朝鲜族生活》，这幅作品于１９８９年获中国剪纸一等奖。
侯玉梅在本省出了名，她并不满足现有的艺术水平，在毕业后的３年中，她剪出了１０００多幅作品。１９８９年，在武汉，由中国剪纸协会和武汉钢铁公司联合举办了“侯玉梅剪纸专展”。国内艺术界的很多名人参观“专展”。从此，侯玉梅的名气越来越大，省内许多大中院校纷纷请她去讲课。
这本应是一件难得的好事，可来自家庭的精神压力却越来越沉重。丈夫坚决反对她搞展出，也坚决反对她外出讲课授艺。这使她对丈夫彻底失望了，夫妻只好分手。离婚使她痛苦，但她绝不放弃艺术。
在长白山区，流传着许多反映满族人生活的歌儿：
长白山把我们培育／溪水抚育我们成长／任谁走遍天涯海角／不忘我满族发祥的地方／怀念这神奇的山山水水／热爱我美丽的满族家乡。
每当侯玉梅唱起这段歌，便想起小时候母亲给她讲的努尔哈赤在新宾建立后金政权的故事，她经过多次构思，剪下了《努尔哈赤》这幅作品。新宾－－这座垒土成都的古城，是她出生的地方，她还想起小时候住过的充满着温暖的满族小院，于是，她剪下了《满族小院》，这幅作品在中国新农民剪纸展览中获得一等奖。
侯玉梅以满族生活为源泉，不停地创新，常常是在夜深人静的时候，她反复琢磨自己的作品，希望自己的作品达到粗犷、生动，并充满具有民族特点的浪漫主义色彩。她剪的《爱新觉罗》把满族祖先爱新觉罗诞生的神话传说艺术而又形象地展现出来，在艺术界引起了强烈的反响。继这幅作品之后，她又剪了《人参故事系列》、《人参娃娃》、《狗大伯和猫弟妹》等剪纸连环画５４幅，先后被吉林艺术学院、吉林省民间艺术学会、中国文联、中国民间艺术协会、中国美术博物馆等单位收藏。
侯玉梅的作品在国内产生了巨大影响，也吸引了国外艺人。１９９２年１月２４日，侯玉梅的《满族小院》等２００幅作品在瑞典马尔末市展出时，她走上了讲台，为瑞典的小朋友和剪纸爱好者讲课。这一年，玉梅满４０岁。她双眼炯炯有神，走上讲台时，很镇静，心里在不停地对自己说：玉梅呀，这可不是在自己的祖国，可不是在金斗乡，一定要讲好这一课，展现出中国农村妇女的丰采来。在现场命题表演时，一位女士诉说她被自己狠心的男友抛弃，非常气愤，问侯玉梅能否用剪纸表现出来。侯玉梅拿起剪子，只用１５分钟就剪出这样一幅图景：美丽的花草树木中，站着一位纯情的姑娘，姑娘的左边是一条蛇，右边是一只狼。她通过翻译告诉这位女士：“在中国，狼和蛇象征着邪恶，抛弃你的男友如同狼和蛇一样狠毒。”现场立刻响起掌声，也使这位女士惊叹不已。
１９９３年３月，她的《挖参祖师爷》等作品又先后在德国、日本、奥地利等９个国家展出，并多次为这些国家的艺术爱好者们授课表演。德国的博物馆还收藏了她的两套最珍贵的剪纸作品，一套是《爱新觉罗·布库里雍顺》共５８幅，另一套是《努尔哈赤的故事》共３０幅；奥地利奥中友好协会收藏了她的《参娃出世》、《参娃巧斗老东家》、《棒槌姑娘》等７幅作品。１９９５年，德国东亚研究所出版了她的《人参娃娃》、《小罕王挖参》剪纸专集，她的名字被收在《中国名人艺术家专集》、《中国名人辞典》和德国出版的《世界艺术家辞典》中。
侯玉梅在不停地进取。１９９７年，她用剪纸形式完成了动画片剧本《水鬼》。１９９８年１０月金秋，侯玉梅加入了美国艺术家协会。她的上万幅作品，每一幅都是构思简洁，立意新颖，突出主题，追求意韵。在中华民族剪纸的艺苑里，成为一支独特的奇葩。
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Chinese Culture Center Chinatown Heritage Walking Tour June 2009
A group of primary school children and their teacher speak about how they feel for the Chinatown Heritage Walking Tour offered by Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco.
(Panel Discussion) Paintings, Posters and Propaganda: Artists Reflect and Connect with Community
November 12, 2008
The Chinese Culture Center and Kearny Street Workshop invite you to join in on a discussion among five artists about the development of their art practices, their influences and how they work within their communities.
Nancy Hom is an artist, writer, organizer, and arts administrator with over 30 years of experience in the non-profit arts. As an artist, curator, and organizer, she has worked in many communities in San Francisco, including the South of Market, Manilatown, Chinatown, Japantown, Western Addition, and the Mission. Nancy served as executive director of Kearny Street Workshop from 1995-2003.
Leland Wong, artist, illustrator, and photographer, is best known for the silkscreen posters he has designed and produced for more than thirty five years, particularly the series of posters he produced annually for the Nihonmachi Street Fair from 1974-2004. He is the owner of A-Town Graphics, a one-man photography and graphic design business.
Lenore Chinn’s paintings explore the super-realistic depiction of a wide spectrum of people of color, lesbians and same sex couples. Her portraits documenting the historical evolution of San Francisco’s queer community challenge the social conventions that currently constitute the racialized order of things. Lenore is a founding member of Lesbians in the Visual Arts, Queer Cultural Center and the Asian American Women Artists Association.
Choppy Oshiro, graphic designer and illustrator, created the promotional material for the Chinese Culture Center’s exhibition Icons of Presence: Asian American Activist Art. Her work was recently featured in Dirty Work: artists eye domestic labor at Kearny Street Workshop.
Richard Godinez is an ex-political cartoonist who creates large-scale oil paintings and pastels that protest imperialism and globalization. Richard is an associate professor of visual art at Diablo Valley College.
Robynn Takayama (moderator) is an award-winning audio producer. She was segment producer for Crossing East, a Peabody-awarded radio documentary on Asian immigration. Her art projects have been presented through video, web, and gallery installation in San Francisco, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Chicago.
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View our slideshow to get an idea of the journey our 2007 Roots participants experienced to discover their ancestral roots in China.
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This is Reuter New's segment on the 2007 CCC Roots participants visiting their ancestral roots in China.
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56-year-old Hou Yu Mei , Manchu, from the cutouts love art, she inherited the three generations of ancestral paper-cutting art skills.
1980-1984 Tonghua,Jilin Province graduated from the Teachers College of Fine Arts;
1986 Tonghua county cultural centers of the art counselling cadres;
1997 in the "professional and technical positions as eligible" people's Republic of China Ministry of personnel; Jilin Provincial Personnel Department as "# two Artist"Title; (Senior title)
2000 cutouts of the Beijing Daxing School Professor;
2006 of the Tonghua Normal College visiting professor at the
Fine Arts Department;
1995 by UNESCO and the Chinese Folk Literatur and Art Association Awarded the " arts and Crafts home" title;
2000 on the Chinese folk paper-cut, council member;
2004 cutouts of the China Research Society of JiLin Province, Vice chairman of the Manzhu;
January 2001 to San Francisco. (Naturalized United States citizen in 2006).
Hou, Yu mei of the three major purposes
Promotion of cultural arts: (1) inheritance Manchu paper-cut art heritage; (2) the development of innovative Manchu paper-cut
art, a selfstyle , (3) Inheritance Manchu paper-cut art, the next
generation of successors, Manchu paper-cut art heritage from generation to generation.
Papers; won experience; papers, and other four were in the "Chinese paperselection; "Chinese folk paper-cut art"; "China and Land Art Newspaper"; "Jilin mass culture"; "Chinese Art "; and other issues.
Hou, Yu Mei cutouts of the Manchu bool publishing situation
Link also painted cutouts (first two) 59, "Northeast China Folk Tales" books. Published in Germany in 1991 by a researcher at the Institute in Germany pay Marui editing and publishing.
May2005 in China's publishing, Zhen-Jun Zhao editorial layout. Jilin photography publishing House.
paper-cut works published
cutouts with a brother also painted art in Hong kong published in 1984; second leaflet titled "World Art" book, the Institute published in Germany and Germany.
cutouts also Illustrated even in the "Chinese Art" book, (Qi Baishi behind) in 1992;published in Germany.
paintings are also cutouts with " Chinese Folk Art" in the book. 1983. publication of Japan.
Collection and publication of
21, 39, 30, 25, 45, 16, 59,
Accept the proposition performances at the scene
1991 January-February and 1993, from March 4 to April 14 by the Chinese Ministry of Culture, the recommendation, the Chinese paper cutting study wil be assigned to Malmo, Sweden, single-MR, Berlin, Hesse, Austria Victoria also The cutouts performances at the scene.
Lifelong memorable teeacher;Wang Chunxin, Guang-Ming Zhao, Jason Hu ;David R. Thmas.(Americans bubble sculpture teacher).
Its uses cutouts
Can be used for building walls, canopy, and beams; porcelain tiles; clothing, taking back, linens, sheets, curtains, Curtain; Mount, plaque; Chinese New Year, Lunar New Year, HE business is booming; New Year, academic, Happy gifts; withe cutouts live performances more atmosphere.
Yumei Hou was born in 1952. She came to America in 2001. She got American Citizenship in 2006.
She was a Professor and Research director of Chinese Paper-cut Art in Department Culture of TongHua country JiLin Province of China. and at Da Xing country Paper-cuts School of
China, Also she had a title of "Folk Industrial Artist" by the U.M.Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. She was also the director of Chinese Folk Artist Association; the Vice-president of the Man Nationality. Paper-cut Research Association.
She grew up in the family of the Man Nationality. and affected
by her mother to study paper-cut since her childhood. She was engaged in agriculture in her youth and insisted to make paper-cuts as well as conscientiously study the tradional Man
nationality paper-cut to form self style.
The works of paper-cut "Crop Yard" ; "Good New Year" have won the champion ship in the game of paper-cut inwhole country. The works of paper-cuts " ginseng's dream "Xiao Hanzi "
issued on "paper-cutss collection" of many of big type of China.
She was distinguished as a member of Chinese Folk Artist delegation to visit Sweden; Denmark; Germany; Austria and was famous for her excellent paper-cutting skill since 1991.